Traumatic Brain Injury is Third-Leading Cause of Death and...

Introduction: At least, 2.4 million traumatic brain injury (TBI) related hospital visit each year in USA and WHO predicting that TBI will be the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide by 2020 (Hyder, Wunderlich et al. 2007, Centers for Disease and Prevention 2013). Approximately one percent Americans older than 60 years old are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD)(Gazewood, Richards et al. 2013). Millions of them have to adapt to the extensive long-term disability, but its impact does not end there. They often have to depend on other people’s continuous support to survive that significantly impacts our healthcare burden (Stacey L. Kowal 2013). A new meta-analysis and other recent studies provide support for the†¦show more content†¦2013). There are no studies that have determined the role of ÃŽ ±-Syn protein accumulation on the behavioral and pathological effects of TBI in ÃŽ ±-syn transgenic mice. Our group recently reported that TBI pre cipitates AD-pathology and cognitive deficits in transgenic 3xTg-AD mice (Tajiri, Kellogg et al. 2013). In this study we examine motor recovery and a detail time course of the development of Parkinson’s-like pathology in ÃŽ ±-Syn transgenic mice brain after inducing moderate TBI. Thirty-six adult (9 mo) mice (18 transgenic and 18 non-transgenic controls) will be use for this study. Animals will be subjected to moderate TBI using controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Prior to TBI and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI a battery of motor behavioral and cognitive testing will be performed. Moreover, at each indicated time point ( 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI) 6 animal per group will be euthanized and their brain will be harvested for direct quantitative and qualitative analysis of ÃŽ ±-Syn protein expression in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and substantia nigra. Background and Significance: Although controversy exists in the literature about the association between TBI and PD (Rugbjerg, Ritz et al. 2008, Spangenberg, Hannerz et al. 2009), the majority epidemiological studies over the years haveShow MoreRelatedVeterans Are Winning The War Of Afghanistan, Losing The Battle At Home1694 Words   |  7 PagesVeterans are winning the war in Afghanistan but, losing the battle at home. Many veterans result from some kind of damage, with mental disability being the most common, because mental and emotional encumbrance comes home with the veterans when they return from war. Many of these affected veterans sign up for an eternal waiting list that does not assure them with the necessary financial help. 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Annually approximately 70,000 people who have TBI experience permanent damage† (Your Best Resource for Brain Injury). Brain injuries are common and can be permanent. People receive trauma to the brain quite often; there are a lotRead MoreNegative Effects Of Concussions In Sports1683 Words   |  7 PagesHead trauma from concussions can be extremely detrimental to a person’s body so that such things as death can occur. Everyone knows that concussions are not a good thing but not everyone knows how severe they actually are. Concussions are becoming an epidemic in sports and a solution should be drawn up to help the players in sporting activities. The public needs to be more aware of the severity that concussions provide to the body. The definition of a concussion is simple. A â€Å"concussion occurs

Humanitarianism In Voltaires Candide - 1261 Words

Francois-Marie Arouet, better known by his pen name â€Å"Voltaire†, once said â€Å"Nothing is more dangerous than ignorance and intolerance armed with power†. This quote criticizes the government and the Catholic Church - two institutions known for their lack of tolerance, respect, and value of the common person’s life. Voltaire was a French author, historian, and philosopher who was active during the age of enlightenment in the 18th century. It was a time characterized by the discussion of four new values: Humanitarianism, ending suffering; Progress, furthering society; Rationality, using logic and reason to improve the world; and Freedom of Thought, challenging traditional authority, blind obedience, and superstition. Voltaire is known for†¦show more content†¦Voltaire directs this example of the Church, as it was an officer of the Inquisition who was responsible for the sentencing. The inanity of the whole situation, as well as the completely unn ecessary drastic results that it had, makes the Church appear to be an authority that is unreliable to make sensible decisions, or rule over people. This irrationality is again portrayed through Pangloss and the Reverend Father. The Reverend Father bathed in front of a Musselman, unknowing â€Å"that it was a major crime for a Christian to be found naked† (105) with one, and ended up being tried for it. Pangloss was similarly tried, because he took too long to give a girl back the flowers that she had dropped. Both of these men, as a result of committing these simple wrongdoings, are beaten and forced into slavery, destined to spend the rest of their days as galley slaves. The crimes themselves were so small and nonsensical that the fact that they were punished at all, much less so harshly for them, is unjustifiable. Voltaire uses the unfairness and utter ludicrousness of the situation to challenge whether government should be trusted with the fate of its people. Voltaire ac centuates traditional authority’s ignorance. Voltaire highlights that traditional authority is injurious to its people by emphasizing their inhumane ways. Voltaire frequently mentions the poor treatment of all women, and the common theme of

Strategic Information System Small Business Groups

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for Small Business Groups. Answer: Introduction It is highly researched topic that tries to motivate the small business groups for adopting Information Technology. There is very less research emphasizing over different factors of motivation for adopting the system of computerized accounting within small companies, though lot of research is already done in adoption of IT (Baren 2010). However, many accounting software in small business believes that it is a significant sub-set of complete small business in Information Technology research. Accounting software is the highest application package that is used and its the most dominant factor existing behind the decision of IT hardware acquisition (Baren 2010). To view the motivating factors in adopting the software of accounting, it will be quite practical to review the comprehensive literatures on complete adoption of IT. Therefore, this literature review will start with the discussion based on the primary IT adoption and try to review different studies that mainly emphasize over the adoption of accounting software (Baren 2010). Literature Review Accounting software/packages used in Australia There are few specific industries that are highly suited towards computerizing the record keeping services as compared to others as discussed by many researchers. All these findings are mainly supported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999-2000 report based on the business use of IT (ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2000). The highest use of computers is done in the firm in different areas like business services, material goods, gas, electricity and industries of water supply (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Simultaneously, the less use of computers is done in the private and various other services such as cafes, housing, construction, transport, retail trade and storage (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Therefore, it is highly suitable for implementing CAS within the industries in which there exist more trading dealings as well as transaction processing that could facilitate the day to day business running (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Development and adoption Gorton (1999); Gelinas, Sutton and Hunton (2005) that had research about the small business adopting IT had now explored various motivating factors. Elliot and Elliot (2006) had attempted and tried to strengthen the IT adoption myriad through developing the integrated information model approval system (Elliot and Elliot 2006). This model is quite helpful in reviewing the variable that could affect the owner decision of small business in adopting IT (Elliot and Elliot 2006). There are four components into it such as, organizational characteristics, management characteristics, technological innovation characteristics, and business environment characteristics (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Current market size Gorton (1999) had quoted that the literature on technological innovation had explored that huge company holds more capital and infrastructure that could facilitate in adopting a system of computerized accounting. However, Gelinas, Sutton and Hunton (2005), mentions that both small and medium business had to face the considerable challenges like shortage of internal expertise of information system, restricted resources of money, and many that are less likely to adopt the IT system as compared to huge business (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Supplementary literature by Greuning (2006) disagree with the fact that small business, large business are most likely to be more able in employing people holding specialized skills, for instance, information system knowledge. Therefore, there are many opportunities for moving from the manual system and then adopting the digital one (Greuning 2006). Market leaders Small business consumers are referred as the main reason behind implementing Information Technology, more than the competitors pressure recommended by Greuning (2006). It is quite lucky that public practice accountants are holding the high position of offering the system analysis, implementation, and design and help advice to the clients as a much small business lacks in resources for adopting CAS (Greuning 2006). Furthermore, by introducing goods and services tax is referred as the external influence overs mall business managers decision for selecting CAS (Elliot and Elliot 2006). There are many other small businesses that would like to take benefit of government provided incentives for supporting the transition cost of GST (Greuning 2006). There are many small business computerized accounting systems that are adopting the GST introduction, as accounting for GST manual records highly approved as even more complicated. As the GST introduction, it can be depicted that many business ha d accepted that are price included are offset through the record keeping and had result into better management of business, but the basic consensus had moved towards the computerized records as even more positive for small business group sector (Greuning 2006). Competitive advantage Kimunya, Fishstein and Gaul (2000) had confirmed that it can be assumed that competition will improve all the possibilities in adoption of innovation. Head (2000) had also pointed out that competition will most likely to lead towards the insecurity of environment and will enhance the requirement and the innovation adoption rate. Head (2000) had advised that business will compete in around three different ways towards adopting IT. It includes IT can easily create the competitive benefits through minimizing the cost and enhancing differentiation. IT will try to change the structure of industry and will change the competition rule (Head 2000). It will also generate the new business through creating derived expectations from new product that are existing within the business operations (Rose and Hudgins 2008). Current gaps and challenges There are certain reasons that are regularly given in the literatures for explaining why the small companies that are not yet adopted by the Information Technology, explored by the main key barriers in acquisition of IT (Kimunya, Fishstein and Gaul 2000). Lack of computer knowledge and skills Nair and Fisshab (2010) had reported that drains over the money and time tries to characterize over the significant limitations. Computer technology works to infuse the business in both the large and small business; the requirement for the staff having the relevant IT knowledge is quite dangerous (Nair and Fisshab 2010). There are around two solutions, first it is the devoted employment of IT staff. However, this might exceed the small association budget and is quite expensive. Next is that IT training is next choice and it might be also costly. The small firm course, will include the professional practice, in which clients are paid more as per time, and the time used while undertaking the training is referred through various owner managers to lose the income as proved to be costly (Nair and Fisshab 2010). On the other side, (Nair and Fisshab 2010) mentioned that there are many favourable relation existing among the training level and measures that could affect the IT. At place where workers feel disappointed with the availability of training level, it is noticed that literacy of computers, approval of IT, and end user fulfilment is weak as compared to better-trained counterparts. Along with this, Nair and Fisshab (2010), accounted that the training is helpful for all the small companies. The research also clearly depicts the training related to the effectiveness of IT and to apply without any challenge (Nair and Fisshab 2010). Lack of time Romney and Steinbart (2009) mention that the analysis undertaken in the vast business had tried to reveal consistently the IS planning to come at the top priority of IS and business managers for managing the time. However, Proudlock, Phelps and Gamble (1999) had reported that previous studies had put forward the small companies to fade towards pursuing the model through massive counterparts in context of modern practices of management. Whilst, it is explored that Romney and Steinbart (2009) mention that the techniques of official planning of huge business are not importantly suitable for small companies as investigation suggests that the small businesses adopt more system of formal planning across the less information system issues (Romney and Steinbart 2009). Lack of financial resources Romney and Steinbart (2009) explores that both the small and medium companies require to have the constant supply of sufficient resources of finance in order to flourish the CAS adoption. The money views the installation cost, cost of maintenance, and various other present cost, which might crop the complete course of system operations. However, Nair and Fisshab (2010), mention that not every small and medium companies hold enough financial resources require for helping the CAS adoption and in that case financial limitation become big challenge. Conclusion The overview of the previous research studies clearly depict the set criteria that could create influence on the factors for adopting IT in the profession of accounting for both the medium and small business. Nevertheless, many previous research studies had tried to lift many problems in the literatures. In result of that, there is no contrast existing in the business, which make sue of system of computerized accounting. This assessment is quite practical in the reason for applying or not applying the computerized records, along with what factors could persuade the business for adopting Information Technology irrespective of dimensions. Moreover, as per the literatures, all the characteristics could create influence on owner and decision of managers for implementing IT in the field of accounting to the varying relying over the industry and economy in which the business is operated. References ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2000. Catalogue 8129.0 Business Use of Information Technology. Australia: Commonwealth of Australia Baren, V. 2010. The Importance of a Computerized Accounting System. [Online]. Available on: https://www.ehow.com/facts_6786562_importance-computerizedaccountingsystem.html#ixzz10yS7obSs [Accessed on: 24th August 2016]. Elliot, B., and Elliot, J. 2006. Financial Accounting and Reporting, 11th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited Gelinas, U., Sutton S., and Hunton, J. 2005. Acquiring, Developing and Implementing Accounting Information System, 6th Ed. Thomson South-Western Education College Gorton, M. 1999. Use of financial management techniques in the UK-based small and medium sized enterprises: Empirical research findings. Journal of financial management and analysis, 12(1), pp. 56-64 Greuning, H. V. 2006. International Financial Reporting Standards; A practical guide, 4 the. The World Bank Head, B. 2000. Small Business Should Log On and Write Off. Business Review Weekly, 22(11), pp. 1-12. Kimunya, A., Fishstein, P., and Gaul, N. 2000. Guide to computerising your accounting system. The Manager, 8(4), pp. 1-14. Nair, A., and Fisshab, A. 2010. Rural Banking: The case of Rural and Community Banks in Ghana. International Food Policy Research Institute and the World Bank Proudlock, M., Phelps, B., and Gamble, P. 1999. IT Adoption Strategies: Best Practice Guidelines for Professional SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 6(3), pp. 240-252 Romney, M., and Steinbart, P. 2009. Computer Fraud and Abuse, Fraudulent Financial Reporting; Accounting Information Systems, 11th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Rose, P., and Hudgins, S. 2008. Bank Management and financial services; 7th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

The Phantom of the Opera Soundtrack free essay sample

You wont hear the original Broadway casts strong voices, but Gerard Butler and especially newcomer Emmy Rossum supply a breath of fresh air to the beloved classic. The movie focuses on the forte of these voices, which the soundtrack brilliantly captures. Rossum lifts her voice and her audiences soul as she flirts with a wide range of notes, especially in her delicate solo â€Å"Think of Me.† Her strong, affectionate tone eases us into a comfortable frame of mind. The strongest and most emotional section on this five-star rated CD is the longest track. Just shy of 13 minutes, â€Å"Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer† includes a favorite movie scene the passionate trio of Christine, her lover Raoul, and the infamous Phantom. Their intensity carries the listener to the movies climax, only to release them from the roller coaster of emotion. Although these new voices may appear a drawback at first to avid fans of the original cast, these criticisms quickly melt with Rossums passion, beckoning admirers and quickly dissolving all negativity and the rest of the brilliant new cast. We will write a custom essay sample on The Phantom of the Opera Soundtrack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Essays

Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Essays Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Paper Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Paper Comparing the Ideologies of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber were three historical sociologists. Their views have become world renown and have shaped many ways of interpreting the social structure of many modern societies. This essay will take a glimpse into the three sociologists’ ideals and expose the similarities and differences they may have. Karl Marx’s view of society was based around the economy. All other social structures according to Marx, such as religion, family values, and politics stem from the base, the economy. Religion played no part at all in Marx’s sociological views. He is known as an atheist. He believed that religion was nothing more than a burden on society. â€Å"The economy that forms from the means of production results in the division of labor and forms property† (Simon 1). Division of labor can be described as the way in which tasks are divided in a society. Certain people are assigned certain tasks which help to make sure that the social structure progresses smoothly. As society becomes more advanced, the division of labor becomes more advanced, because more tasks become necessary for society to stably exist. Therefore, in Marx’s opinion, the economy grows and advances society which fuels the division of labor that is necessary for harmonious living. Marx believed that social struggle was the main cause of social evolution. In a society there is always a group that is in some way oppressed. If we look back just a few hundred years we see this in slavery, and before that serfdom. So how does oppression promote social change? â€Å"It is the ruling economic class that determines the dominant ideology in a society†¦ And it is class interest that the proletariat must oppose with revolution. †(Simon 2). The upper class in society rules over all the lower classes. When the oppression becomes an unbearable horror for the lower class, they must revolt, according to Marx. We saw this with both given examples. Serfs often fled from their lords, and slaves sought refuge in non-slave states and sometimes even killed their owners. In the case of slavery, there was a complete societal split between the north and the south in America. The main dispute between the two sides was the subject of slavery. But if not for the slaves revolting and feeing, maybe no action would have been taken. This is Marx’s view of social evolution at its finest. The lower class fought for social freedom, and American society was forever changed. So basically, Marx’s cycle of social change is simply Oppression, revolution, uprising, and then the cycle repeats itself as another lower class becomes oppressed. Durkheim believed that social order is obtained through social integration, which is the extent to which the members of a society are held together. â€Å"Durkheim advances his theory of social transition where he argues that social order is maintained through social integration and regulations in a social equilibrium. All nations develop normative behavior patterns and belief systems in the evolutionary change process. During the transitional period the diffusion of new norms and values disrupts the equilibrium of traditional societies. †(Zhao 2). Durkheim believed that society is held together by social integration, but when society is evolving, chaos takes over until new social norms are set. After these social norms are integrated into the new society, social equilibrium is once again achieved; that is until the next social evolution. This in between stage of chaotic change is fueled by what Durkheim called anomie. Anomie is described as a breakdown of social norms regulating individual behavior and social interaction. †(Zhao 4). Durkheim claimed that is human nature to act in a chaotic manner and to seek evolution. The only way he believed that order was possible was through social integration. Religion was a factor in the sociological views of Durkheim. â€Å"Religion, in this ma nner, contributes to the constitution and protection of social order by supplying a moral order. That is to say that ‘since society will always require periodic reaffirmation, religion is an indispensable, permanent social fixture. †(Mazman 10). Durkheim does not hint whether he himself is religious or not, he simply states that religion is necessary to have social integration. He claims that a moral order is necessary in society. It is a set list of rights and wrongs for people to live by. This order is never changed or even questioned by the members of society in times of peace. This moral order cannot simply be insisted by a ruler of some sort, it is much more complex than that. The moral order must come from an unquestionable source. This is why religion is necessary. With religion ruling people, they are threatened not with a punishment in this life, but with eternal damnation. People fear what they do not understand; therefore religion is the only thing that can provide absolute social order. A higher being that no person can see or hear cannot be questioned. The fear of eternal punishment will force a large majority of members of society to submit to the moral and social order. Durkheim insists that religion is one of the greatest ways to prevent anomie which leads to the inevitable society revolutionizing chaos. Max Weber greatly opposed Karl Marx’s views on religion and economy. Weber believed that the economy was certainly not even close to the center of society. â€Å"Economies result from communities, which are arranged in such a way that goods, tangible and intangible, symbolic and material, are distributed. Such a distribution is always unequal and necessarily involves power. †(Simon 8). So in Weber’s opinion material possessions are the root of inequality. Nothing is distributed equally and therefore, leads to social injustice and in some cases oppression. Weber believed that religion was responsible for change in society. â€Å"For Weber, religion, because it calls forth a type of personality through beliefs in ethical values, affects social life and interactions. These ethical values and religious ideas, in turn, are affected by social, economic and political conditions in a given society. †(Mazman 13). Weber’s view on religion is similar to that of Durkheim. Weber believed that religion gave society a set moral order. Weber also claimed that as society advanced the religious views advanced to somewhat modernize the social order. Weber’s work is therefore an invitation to see the history of political institutions, the history of religions or the history of morals as guided by a diffuse program aiming at defining institutions, rules, etc. which will most efficiently respect the dignity and vital interests of all. †(Boudon 6) Weber also dug even deeper. He claimed that certain religions prospered more than ot hers. He actually did prove this. Weber showed that Protestants had the best religion, not in the sense of religious views, but socially and economically. Protestantism provided modern individuals with coherent, meaningful, ethical conduct in terms of seeking salvation and God’s blessing in their worldly activities. †(Mazman 13). The Protestants believed in vocation. They believed that whatever occupation they had in life was not simply by chance, but they were called to it. They were what most would call ‘workaholics’ who dedicated every free second of their time to work. This made the Protestants statistically the most financially well-off group in most societies. This goes back to Weber’s view of the social structure. The Protestants were the wealthiest so they would be the leaders of society. So as I have shown, these three sociologists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, had world renowned views of society. They all had points that were unquestionable yet others that were flaky at best. We often saw views of each man overlapping. One cannot help but to ponder what if another sociologist came along and took the best parts of their works and put the pieces together. Would the perfect sociological view be formed? Only time can tell. ?

Information Systems †Definitions and Vocabulary

Information Systems – Definitions and Vocabulary Free Online Research Papers Electronic Commerce: Consist primarily of the distributing, buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products or services over electronic system such as the Internet and other computer networks. The information technology industry might see it as an electronic business application aimed at commercial transactions. Internet Filtering: An Internet filtering allows an administrator to monitor and/or control Internet access. Monitoring Internet access means the administrator allows network users unrestricted access to the Internet, while producing aggregate and detailed usage reports. Controlling Internet access means the administrator places restrictions on how the Internet is used within the organization. And it is designed to promote professional use of the Internet by effectively monitoring and/or restricting access to sites. Intelligent Agents: Is software that assists people and act on their behalf. Intelligent agents work by allowing people to delegate work that they could have done, to the agent software. Agents can perform repetitive tasks, remember things you forgot, intelligently summarize complex data, learn from you and even make recommendations to you. An intelligent agent can help you find and filter information and customize it. Internet Security: Set of rules, policies, procedures and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized right of entry, modification, theft, or physical damage to information systems that we may face when we access to the internet. Anonymous E-Mailers: It is feature where Allows users to send email without revealing their identity and personal information to the recipient to Protect their privacy and data Information Security: Is the process of protecting data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, destruction, modification, or disruption. More over, information security has held that three key concepts formed the core principles of information security: confidentiality, integrity and availability. XML versus HTML: HTML short for HyperText Markup Language is the predominant markup language for the creation of web pages. Where XML short for The Extensible Markup Language is metalanguage written in SGML that allows one to design a markup language and for the easy interchange of documents on the World Wide Web also, it is more popular than HTML with web site designers. Java Script: A scripting language based on the concept of prototype-based programming. JavaScript is only distantly related to the Java programming language, the main similarity being their common debt to the C syntax. The language is best known for its use in websites such as, write functions that are embedded in or included from HTML pages and interact with the Document Object Model Computer Hackers: A person who accesses a computer network without permission for profit, criminal mischief, or personal satisfaction. Hackers are often able to break into computers because of operating system or other built-in system defects, hackers can get information relating to legitimate users and modify it and change it. Computer Viruses: A computer program that is designed to replicate itself by copying itself into the other programs stored in a computer. It may be benign or have a negative effect, such as causing a program to operate incorrectly or corrupting a computers memory. Viruses are very difficult to detect and spread rapidly. Knowledge Management Refers to a range of practices used by organizations to identify, create, represent, and distribute knowledge for reuse, awareness, and learning across the organizations. tied to organizational objectives and are intended to lead to the achievement of specific outcomes, such as shared intelligence, improved performance, competitive advantage, or higher levels of innovation. MIS Ethics: The principles and guides of right and wrong used by the MIS members acting as free moral agents to make choices to guide their behavior , Privacy, accuracy, property and accessibility, these are the four major issues of information ethics for the information age. E-Learning E-learning involves the use of a computer or electronic device (e.g. a mobile phone) in some way to provide training, educational or learning material. And it also, involves using the Internet or an Intranet Artificial Intelligence: Field of computer science that attempts to simulate characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting. This field studies the designs of intelligent agents, or a system that acts intelligibly. There are many different goals for AI, on of them to understand the human intelligent well. Technology Innovation: Both the output and the process of arriving at a technologically feasible solution to a problem triggered by a technological opportunity or customer need Web Services: A Web service is a component of programmable application logic that can be accessed using standard web protocols. Its basically a component, or an assembly in ASP.NET, that can be accessed over the web. Anyone with a browser can see and use this application logic. Peer Services: Computer network relies primarily on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than concentrating it in a relatively low number of servers. Business Process Mgt: Activities performed by organizations to manage and, if necessary, to improve their business processes. While such improvements are hardly new, software tools called business process management systems (BPM systems) have made such activities faster and cheaper Mobile Business: M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld devices such as cellular telephone and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Enterprise Security: Protection of the security of information in all of its forms (electronic, physical) and the security of the systems and networks where information is stored, accessed, processed, and transmitted. Trends and Advanced in Technology: Using Technology is helping to manage process flows and ensure that more accurate data are being collected in a more consistent and timely fashion. At the same time, processes that once relied on manual activities are frequently being automated, eliminating mundane tasks and speeding processing in different field of our life. Real Time Computing: Enabling technology for many important applications, including multimedia, financial trading systems, air-traffic control systems, robotics, and process control, just to name a few which are subject to a real-time constraint. Justifying IT Investment: The way of measuring where you are now, modeling the benefits of making improvements, and putting an overall value on running your IT well. IT Implementation Challenges: Realization of a technical specification or algorithm as a program, software component, or other computer systemin all functions and Operations of any large enterprise pose a lot of challenges and overall organizational infrastructure IT for Competitive Advantages: Using of information technology to enable a company to operate in a more efficient or otherwise higher-quality manner than the companies it competes with, and which results in benefits accruing to that company. Research Papers on Information Systems - Definitions and VocabularyThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesStandardized Testing

Research on HIV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research on HIV - Assignment Example The refusal of HIV patients to face their illness is also another critical factor influencing the responses of people towards HIV patients and towards nurses being involved in the treatment of HIV. Statement of the Research Problem Current study focuses on the following research problem: Which has been the involvement of nurses in Mississippi delta in the treatment and the control of HIV among the local population. Purpose of the Study The study aims to show the potential value of nurses in controlling the expansion of HIV in Mississippi delta. At the same time, the study aims to show whether nurses can contribute in the improvement of treatment provided to people suffering from HIV. Other issues, such as the effectiveness of current policies would be tested using appropriate findings. Theoretical Framework The control of HIV in Mississippi delta, as also in other regions, is quite problematic mostly because local nurses are not able to face the needs of patients, who are continuousl y increased. Still, the measures taken by the state for the confrontation of HIV can be characterized as ineffective mostly because they do not refer to certain issues that are critical in terms of diseases’ expansion not only in Mississippi delta but also worldwide. ... Another research has revealed that the expansion of HIV in the Southern regions of America is highly related to the lack of education in regard to the implications and the consequences of the particular disease (Sternberg & Gillum 2011). The rapid expansion of HIV in South America can be made clear through the following fact: in 2005 the rate of HIV expansion in Mississippi Delta has been found to be high, about 28.0 per 100,000 (Rural America 2012). It has been also proved that the problems related to the access in HIV treatment are higher in rural areas of Southern America, compared to other regions of the particular country (Rural America 2012). Research Questions The study aims to provide appropriate answers to the following questions: A) which has been the role of nurses in the control of the expansion of HIV in Mississippi delta? B) Which are the challenges that nurses working in the above region have to face when being involved in the treatment of HIV? C) Which are the current trends in regard to the control and the treatment of HIV in the specific region? D) Which are the key practices used by nurses in Mississippi delta for managing cases of patients suffering from HIV? Assumptions It has been made clear that nurses can highly affect the control of HIV in Mississippi delta. Moreover, nurses can contribute in the improvement of existing policies, related to the control of HIV, not only in Mississippi but also globally. The research developed for this paper has revealed that the treatment of HIV can have a series of implications that need to be taken into consideration before starting such plan. Significance of Study As already explained,

Emergency nurse practitioner. The impact on the minor injury services Essay

Emergency nurse practitioner. The impact on the minor injury services (hospital setting A&E) - Essay Example ............................................9 Review of Existing Evidence..................................11 Introduction.............................................................11 Objective..................................................................11 Method.....................................................................12 Findings & Analysis..................................................14 Cost Effectiveness.....................................................14 Care Effectiveness.....................................................17 Patient Satisfaction.....................................................19 Waiting Time...............................................................21 Conclusion...................................................................21 Implication to Practice.................................................22 Implication to Research................................................22 References........................................... ..........................24 Literature Review An Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) is an advanced practice role which delivers primary care in the emergency department (Fitzpatrick and Ea, 2011). The emergency nursing practitioner treats common urgent and non-emergency conditions either independently or in collaboration with an attending General Practitioner. Emergency nurse practitioners often have advanced postgraduate qualifications like Masters degrees which give them additional competencies to handle cases according to medical convention and independently. Emergency Nurse Practitioners (ENPs) go through training that enable them to assess patients accurately and treat certain conditions without consultation with a doctor (Evans, 1997). Amongst the areas where they can operate independently are the interpretation of x-rays, remove foreign bodies from the eyes and the prescription of a specified range of drugs (Evans, 1997). Clearly, the ENP plays a crucial role in the emergenc y unit of medical facilities. They make significant contributions by acting as the first line of call in cases which have a relatively low level of risk. The ENP provides significant support to Emergency Doctors and to an appreciable degree, they can act with a level of independence where the need arises. Hence, the ENP is involved in reducing the waiting time in emergency settings. One may therefore seek to ascertain the actual impact of the ENP in cutting down the waiting time in emergency rooms. This research is a substantive project meant to review the existing evidence in the work of an emergency nursing practitioner. This first part of the paper will involve a literature review on the effect of emergency nursing on waiting time. In attaining this end, important concepts and significant activities undertaken along those lines like reducing waiting times to a mere 4-hour period as encouraged by the British government in the year 2000. Methodology This part of the research will i nvolve a literature review of the new research and studies into emergency nursing and waiting time on patients. It will involve the review of evidence and other findings in studies about the quest to reduce waiting times and the relevant variables involved. To this end, 10 different journals which involve empirical studies will be examined in this study. The findings will culminate in conclusions. The articles examined include an array of papers and empirical research. Most of them were written in the UK. However a minority of the articles were published in American

Problem of unemployment Essay Example for Free

Problem of unemployment Essay Unemployment is a serious problem in our country, which leads to poverty. Many people are eager to find jobs SuPport themselves as well as their families but there are not enough jobs for everyone. As a result the problem of unemployment is seen at every level. Lack of job opportunities has brought depression and hopelessness among our youth. It has made them to go astray which creates many other problems like drug addiction, identity crises, etc. Let us first examine the causes of the problem of unemployment before discussing the various ways and means of solving this problem. There are many reasons for the problem of unemployment in our country. One of them is the slow growth of our economy, in relation to increase in the number of educated persons. When an economy is growing, there are plenty of jobs for everyone. Our economy has grown and there has been development but not enough to generate sufficient number of jobs. Another factor that has led to unemployment is the growth in population. Ours is a thickly populated country the population increasing by leaps and bounds. But jobs and gainful avenues cannot be generated in the proportion. The jobs are restricted in number but the people applying for them are many. So, a large section of people is left without job. The growth in education has resulted is larger number of people looking for white collar jobs, which are not available. Again, education is often not aimed at providing people with vocational skills. So their scope for employment remains limited. At the same time, the growth of mechanization and more sophisticated machinery is important for the development of industry. But this often means few people are required for specific jobs. As a result there is more unemployment. It is the responsibility of the government to provide jobs for all those who are able to work. It has started schemes like the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Swarnajayanti, Gram Swarozgar Yojna and other in rural areas. Loans are also given- to encourage self employment and small scale industries. Technical and vocational education should be stressed. When people get technical and vocational education, they will not hanker after services on completing their education. They will come out well prepared to stand on their own legs. They will choose a profession in accordance with their capability and aptitude. This will help in solving the problem unemployment. J M It is also necessary to check the rapid growth of our pulation. There must be laid on family planning in this regard. After population is controlled, we can easily overcome the problem of unemployment. Unless this problem is under control, all round development of our country can never be possible. Hence, it is necessary to bring awareness among the common mass.

The Life and Accomplishments of Sir Walter Ralegh Essay -- American Am

The Life and Accomplishments of Sir Walter Ralegh Sir Walter Ralegh, unlike his Spanish counterparts, lusted for land not precious metals. Ralegh used the promise of gold to entice his investors and hire his crews, but his real goal was English colonization in the New World. He experimented first in Ireland with his brand of colonization which brutalized the existing inhabitance and exploited the natural resources. He wanted to establish English colonies in order to cultivate new products (tobacco, potato), to increase the power and prestige of the crown (Queen Elizabeth) and to spread the Protestant doctrine to the New World or at least export the unwanted English Catholics and other religious rogues from English soil. Ralegh achieved his goals by his political activity, military escapades and poetic writings. Ralegh's desire for land stems from his aristocratic background. Although his father was a squire in the sea side town of East Budleigh, Ralegh's immediate family owned no land. The estate that his father farmed, Hayes Barton, was leased. Ralegh's vantage point was one of privilege without the common commodity to support it: land ownership. He was a Renaissance man without the money to live like one. This duality between his heritage and his financial situation created, in Ralegh, a desire to own land.(Lacey, 16) His desire for the sea may have come from his half brothers John, Adrian and Humphrey Gilbert who were "sea-crazy youths".(Lacey, 17) His father, in addition to being a squire, was a religious leader for the devout Protestants in East Budleigh. This factor of Ralegh's upbringing may have contributed to his ideas of implanting Protestant people into new lands and shipping the unwanted Catholics out of Engla... ...thrown into the fire before your eyes; then your head to be strucken off from your body, and your body shall be divided into four quarters, to be disposed of at the King's pleasure; and God have mercy upon your soul." (Sale,245) Ralegh had died as he had lived: in a violent world where religion was an excuse for any action. Ralegh left his mark on history and on the worlds in which he collided. Bibliography 1. Lacey, Robert, Sir Walter Ralegh, Atheneum, New York, 1974 2. Pollard, A.F., The Political History of England, Greenwood Press Publishers, New York,1969 3. Rodriguez-Salgado, M.J., England, Spain and The Gran Armada, Barnes and Nobel Books,Savage Maryland, 1990 4. www.devon-cc.gov.uk/tourism/pages/woodbury/raleigh.html Sir Walter Raleigh, of Hayes Barton 5. Sale, Kirkpatrick, The Conquest of Paradise, First Plume Printing, New York, 1990

Unplugged: Mobile Phone and Portable Music Player

Unplugged The world is full of technology; Almost everywhere you look you will see some form of technology, from a cellphone that can speak to you, to a computer that can run anything your heart desires. As Martin Lindstorm writes in his article â€Å"Friends who have accidentally left home without their iPhones tell me they feel stressed-out, cut off and somehow un-whole. † (Lindstorm). People tend to be overly attached to their phones, as if they were people capable of loving them back.I see how this could be possible because your phone does connect you to the people that you care about and when you can’t contact them life is a little bit more difficult. The people of this country seem to always need the fastest and newest piece of technology, often because it is viewed as a part of one’s social status. For this assignment I was tasked with going a full 24 hours without using technology. Since, society is so connected, I found this project to be very interestin g, and relevant to the present day.This seemed like it would be an easy task that would not take much effort or thought; however a simple 24 hours unplugged from technology subsequently unplugged me from the world. I have never seen myself as someone who needs their devices so much; however we often learn new things about ourselves. Once I began tracking my usage I noticed for the first time how much I use technology. I thought that I only used my phone and other technology when the situation required it as well as a little bit of recreational use. In my usage log I recorded mostly a few texts, my laptop usage and the movie I watched on my Xbox.I did more in my trial period then my log shows. I texted more then it displays; I really texted people once or twice to set up plans with them to hang out later in the day. I also did not record every time I checked my phone for the time; I forgot at the start and then realized that my phone is really just a rectangular clock. I realized tha t I use my phone mostly just to see what time it is because I always have it on me so it is always the first place I look for the time, instead of running around trying to find a clock.It opened my eyes to my frequent usage and excellently foreshadows my experiences the next week. Getting away from technology is a difficult task today. I found my hardest task was not stopping myself from using technology but instead distracting myself from those who were using it. In an article for Time magazine, Dalton Conley writes, â€Å"children ages 8 to 18 spend 7 hours and 38 min. a day using entertainment media† (Conley). People are using their technology all the time, making difficult to avoid.For example, my roommate loves his music and it was impossible for me to be in my room without listening to it so in this aspect I failed to go the full 24 hours. Still, I made it through most of the day without technology but I was left thinking that the only true way to be able to successfull y complete this assignment is to stop everyone from using technology. Today everyone has some kind of a phone, portable music player or handheld game. This is why this assignment is so difficult, because even though you are not allowed to use technology everyone else is.Every junction yields a reminder that the use of technology is restricted; a reminder of what you cannot do which then provokes you to break the rules. My experience was not difficult because of my deprivation but because everyone else still could. We rely so much on technology and to be the only one not using it makes the world just seem to pass by. Time seems to slow down, and the more I think about it, is not because I couldn’t use technology to pass the time but because everyone else still was. My 24 hours unplugged were spent doing almost nothing.I decided to go from 6pm on Friday to 6pm on Saturday, not that smartest idea. I started hanging out with my friends about 15 minutes before 6, which was good so that I could hang out with them without having to use technology to make plans. But the next morning was a different story. I didn’t plan for the morning because I wasn’t thinking of the fact that I wouldn’t be able to use technology. So I wound up just sleeping until about noon and then didn’t really do much for the rest of the time. I tried to study some chemistry but to no avail to do to the fact that I needed to look something up but I couldn’t.Experiences can change us. We can look at the world completely differently because of one small adjustment to our routine. This assignment has changed my perception of myself. I started out thinking that I didn’t really use technology much and that it didn’t completely run my life and that I could live without it. However; now that I have grown used to my phone in my pocket and my laptop on my desk, they are comfortable parts of my life and are hard to do without. I don’t know if I could go longer than 24 hours but I think I would be willing to try this again with a different view and a etter plan of attack; a view that technology is important in my life and a better understanding of how I use it. Admittedly I had a bit of trouble finishing this assignment but I think it is because I could not escape technology, it was everywhere I turned. In an article by Tamar Lewin, the author noted â€Å"The average young American now spends practically every waking minute — except for the time in school — using a smart phone, computer, television or other electronic device, according to a new study from the Kaiser Family Foundation. (Lewin). Most of society is wrapped around their technology unable of putting it down. I now acknowledge that I need technology to stay connected to the world and up to date with my homework. It is a vital part of my life that previously I did not think was essential to my day to day life. I saw technology as a toy to be enjoyed but now I see it as a very important tool to accomplish the task at hand.

Morris Lurie’s ‘Pride and Joy’ Essay

Write about how one character from Morris Lurie’s ‘Pride and Joy’ is presented and how this character develops key concerns in the story. Billy in Morris Lurie’s ‘Pride and Joy’ is initially presented as a 16 year old boy who literally lives his life in the footsteps of his abusive, irresponsible, bohemian father, Ned Mathews. By the end of the story Billy’s character has undergone a transformation to become his own person; he has broken away from his father. This short story is told in first person narrative by an anonymous narrator. This narrator is a tourist on an island in the â€Å"Great Barrier Reef† who tells his account of his encounter with millionaire Ned Mathews and his son, Billy. Through his characterization of Billy, Morris Lurie conveys themes of self realization, responsibility, judgment, and parenting. This essay will show how Billy’s characterization develops Morris Lurie’s themes. Wealth, ownership, control and his desire for his father’s approval shows how Lurie, through his characterization of Billy conveys his theme of lifestyle choices. Ever since Billy and his father come to the island they act like they own everything and everyone on it. When they go to eat breakfast in the morning, Billy deals with the â€Å"very pretty† waitress like she is a prostitute, â€Å"‘What’s ya name, honey? he said ‘Why?’ said the girl. ‘I always like to know the names of the girls I sleep with.† Lurie’s use of a colloquial language and inappropriate language such as ‘honey’ and ‘sleep with’ during Billy’s dialogue with a waitress show his desire to control a situation and to please his father; â€Å"‘Easy, son’ said Mathews, but his face was beaming with pride. Billy’s self-confident and commanding swagger, â€Å"He [Billy] walked with an exaggerated swagger† is an example of a movement which Lurie associates with Billy to show yet another aspect of his desire to dominate over everyone else in the restaurant. By exploring Billy’s inappropriate choice of lifestyle in great detail, Lurie expresses his theme, which is to take care when choosing your lifestyle. Billy’s desire to please his father and to control is reiterated by the motif of alcohol. Billy is too young to be drinking as much alcohol as he does, yet he does and he does it to please his father and to control by demonstrating that he is able to drink as much as his father. This is shown in the quotation, â€Å"His son [Billy] matched him drink for drink.† Lurie’s use of the narrator’s voice is very significant here because the narrator is presented to readers as very moral and sensible, so when the narrator talks about a boy drinking as much as a man we worry. This concern is further addressed by the narrative voice in the line, â€Å"I watched the boy. How long could he last? I thought. How long could he keep it up?† and also when he thinks, â€Å"Don’t tell me Billy is outdrinking him. I thought. His own son. His own pride and joy.† The pace is significantly sped up during these two quotations by the shorter more choppy sentenc es. This serves two purposes, first it makes the passage stand out from the rest of the paragraph and second it permits the narrator to clearly state his point. The repetition of â€Å"I though† in both quotations creates an effective link of the two quotations. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the meaning of the two quotes are linked and that the narrator is wondering if Ned Mathew’s own ‘ride and joy’, his son Billy is already better at living the life of a spoiled, rude man than Ned Mathews. This is ironic because Billy is just a boy, so of course the narrator wonders â€Å"How long can he keep it up?† Another example is, â€Å"‘When are we going to have some real drinking, Dad?’†¦ ‘I thought you told me we was gonna have some real fun.'† Billy’s arrogance and the awkwardness of having an adolescent talking about drinking with his father really shines through here. He is almost criticizing his father because he has not had any â€Å"real drinking†. Lurie employs dialogue and colloquial diction such as â€Å"we was† to make the conversation sound even more out of place. Lurie’s selection of alcohol as a motif in the story is important because alcohol has negative connotations and is illegal for adolescents to buy. By associating Billy with alcohol Lurie is implying that the life he is living where alcohol is a daily part of his routine is not suiting. Through Billy, Lurie evokes a theme of self realization which results in Billy’s character development. The first time there is evidence of this change in character is when Billy meets â€Å"the Princess† and eventually when he â€Å"started to cry† after him and his father got into a fight over his father’s abuse of â€Å"the Princess†. The most blatant example of this change however comes from Billy’s request for â€Å"tea† as opposed to the routine â€Å"coffee and beer†, â€Å"‘Not for me,’ said Billy, in a voice I had never heard him use before. A young boy’s voice. ‘Can I have’†¦. ‘a cup of tea?'† In this quotation Lurie utilizes related diction such as â€Å"Can† which has connotations of manners and kindness. Even the narrator recognizes Billy’s character development because he states that Billy spoke in a â€Å"young boy’s voice† which is a voice he had not spoken in before. The narrator is referring to Billy’s transgression from a boy who acts like an indecorous adult to a boy who acts like a â€Å"young boy†. There is also more subtle evidence of Billy’s character development in the text. The adjectives and adverbs change to correspond with the two different aspects of Billy’s character. In the first part of the text adjective and adverbs such as â€Å"bleary† and â€Å"cocky then in the second part of the short story Lurie uses a new selection of adjectives and adverbs such as, â€Å"neat†, â€Å"polite† and â€Å"young†. Lurie’s ability to reveal Billy through three different viewpoints: his father’s, the narrators and Billy’s own view of himself gives different perspectives to his character which helps position the readers to the themes of the short story. The overwhelming amount of dialogue in this text between Billy and his father Ned Mathews shows Billy and his father’s view that everything revolves around them. They are the only voice, which is heard in the story through dialogue despite the fact that there are roughly 80 other people on the island. The movements and actions of Billy convey part of his character. Billy’s actions are often direct or closely linked to the actions of his father. This shows the way that Billy looks up to the actions of his father, and how his father will abuse that respect throughout the story. Directly after his father tells the bartender to get â€Å"off his fat behind† and give a bit of service Billy says, â€Å"Yeah, shake it up there.† This quotation creates a nice image of the typical clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ where a father says something and then his son repeats it. Except Billy is mimicking a very offensive and inappropriate thing that his father just said. This shows the reader how Ned Mathews is a inconsiderate role model and a poor parent. Through Billy’s actions Lurie also shows that Billy is not prepared to live the lifestyle of his father. â€Å"The boy I noticed had to take a breath half way down.† This quotations refers to the fact that Billy cannot drink all of the beer in one â€Å"gulp† when his father can as proof that his father’s life is not necessarily appropriate for him. This concern of Billy not being suited for his father’s life is restated by the narrator when he wonders, â€Å"How long can he last?† Through Billy, Lurie is able to express his themes and concerns in an interesting and realistic manner. The themes and concerns developed in ‘Pride and Joy’ may appear to be very simple and obvious but that by no means makes them less important. Themes such as self realization, responsibility, judgment, and parenting are very significant in everyone’s lives.

“Waiting for Godot” Set Design Rationale Essays

â€Å"Waiting for Godot† Set Design Rationale Essays â€Å"Waiting for Godot† Set Design Rationale Essay â€Å"Waiting for Godot† Set Design Rationale Essay Essay Topic: Waiting for Godot [pic] â€Å"Waiting for Godot† [pic] In the production â€Å"Waiting for Godot† there are not many scenic changes made within the play. The writer of â€Å"Waiting for Godot† Sam Beckett developed the play in the form of the Theatre of the Absurd created during WW1. The Theatre of the Absurd plays are confusing and sometimes have hidden meanings concealed with dark humour. Playwrights focus their writing on conveying a sense of puzzlement, anxiety, and wonder in the face of an unexplainable universe. For example, in the play â€Å"Waiting for Godot† there are only two main scenes set in the same place; act 1 and act 2. When the two main characters Vladimir and Estragon go to sleep they wake to see the only large piece of scenic structure, a tree, has changed only slightly by growing leaves. The characters discuss how one only day has passed. However, the tree changing from bare branches to showing signs of life displays a seasonal change (e. g. winter to spring), rather than the passing of a day. Each day they wake up and wait for a man called Godot, centring all scenes around a lone tree on set. The only other scenic changes focuses on the movement of the characters with each other and their interactions with the set itself, rather than major structural scene changes. I have attached an example with a diagram of the only set change in the play. [pic] The effect of levelling by the actors standing or sitting to reveal different status or authority, appears many times in the play â€Å"Waiting for Godot†. This effect helps describe the different status of all five characters throughout the production. I have placed the seating at the front f the stage where the audience will be placed at the top of the upwards slant seating them closest to the sky with the main stage below on a lower level. This would also show that Estragon and Vladimir (on stage) are the farthest away from the sky and are stuck in the world, far away from heaven. This effect gives immediate contrast between audience members and the characters. To further enhance this contrast, the actors enter at the bottom of the stage by walking out from under the audience’s feet and travel along the gravel road. This also suggest the actors were just walking down the road and do not deliberately seek each other for company. The advantage of the audience seating in a vertically configuration, semi- encircling the stage, is to enhance the visibility of everything that is happening on stage including highly detailed scenic changes used in the production. This seating also increases the effect of voice projection (the ability for the actors to make their voice loud and clear without shouting) with the audience placed at the best level for sound waves to carry. This seating arrangement helps audiences hear the actors even without microphones, though I have decided to use speakers on each side of the stage to help maximise the understanding of the words being said. I would place lights at such an angle that they would have faint lines representing bars running along the floor of the stage showing that Vladimir and Estragon were truly trapped inside their own minds of madness. The lighting would vary according to the action, mood, or tone of the play, but will be focused on illuminating the stage leaving the audience dark. This would make the audience feel separate from the events of the play enhancing the theme of the spirit presence versus physically existing. â€Å"Waiting For Godot† Set Design Rationale â€Å"Waiting for Godot† is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait for someone or something named Godot. Godots absence, as well as numerous other aspects of the play, has led to many different interpretations since the plays premiere. The play is often considered one of the major works in the â€Å"Theatre of the Absurd movement†. Waiting for godot was Voted the most significant English language play of the 20th century, Waiting for Godot is Becketts translation of one of his older original French texts called Godot, and is subtitled (in English only) a tragicomedy in two acts. The original French text was composed between 9 October 1948, and 29 January 1949. The premiere was on 5 January 1953 in the Theatre de Babylonia. The original production was directed by Roger Blin, who also played the role of Pozzo. There is only one scene throughout both acts. Two men are waiting on a country road by a tree. The script calls for Estragon to sit on a low mound, but in practice – as in Becketts own 1975 German production – this is usually a stone. In the first act the tree is bare. In the second, a few leaves have appeared despite the script specifying that it is the next day. I used this set description to place dead looking grass with a burnt dead tree in the middle of the set. There is also rock for Estragon and a gravel road through the middle, to show that the setting is in a place far away from natural life.

How to Conduct an Interview in Sociology Research

How to Conduct an Interview in Sociology Research Interviewing is a method of qualitative research (used by sociologists and other social scientists) in which the researcher asks open-ended questions orally. This research method is useful for collecting data that reveal the values, perspectives, experiences and worldviews of the population under study. Interviewing is often paired with other research methods including survey research, focus groups, and ethnographic observation. Key Takeaways: Research Interviews in Sociology Sociologists sometimes conduct in-depth interviews, which involve asking open-ended questions.One advantage of in-depth interviews is that they are flexible, and the researcher can ask follow-up questions to the respondent’s answers.The steps necessary for conducting an in-depth interview include preparing for data collection, conducting the interviews, transcribing and analyzing the data, and disseminating the study results. Overview Interviews, or in-depth interviews, are different from survey interviews in that they are less structured. In survey interviews, the questionnaires are rigidly structured- the questions must all be asked in the same order, in the same way, and only the pre-defined answer choices can be given. In-depth qualitative interviews, on the other hand, are more flexible. In an in-depth interview, the interviewer has a general plan of inquiry and may also have a specific set of questions or topics to discuss. However, it is not necessary for the interviewer to stick to predetermined questions, nor is it necessary to ask questions in a particular order. The interviewer must, however, be fully familiar with the subject in order to have an idea of potential questions to ask, and must plan so that things proceed smoothly and naturally. Ideally, the respondent does most of the talking while the interviewer listens, takes notes, and guides the conversation in the direction it needs to go. In such a scenario, the respondent’s answers to the initial questions should shape the subsequent questions. The interviewer needs to be able to listen, think, and talk almost simultaneously. Steps of the Interviewing Process Although in-depth interviews are more flexible than survey studies, it is important for researchers to follow particular steps in order to ensure that useful data is collected. Below, we’ll review the steps of preparing for and conducting in-depth interviews, and for using the data. Determining the Topic First, its necessary that the researcher decides on the purpose of the interviews and the topics that should be discussed in order to meet that purpose. Are you interested in a populations experience of a life event, set of circumstances, a place, or their relationships with other people? Are you interested in their identity and how their social surroundings and experiences influence it? Its the researchers job to identify which questions to ask and topics to bring up to elucidate data that will address the research question. Planning Interview Logistics Next, the researcher must plan the interview process. How many people must you interview? What variety of demographic characteristics should they have? Where will you find your participants and how will you recruit them? Where will interviews take place and who will do the interviewing? Are there any ethical considerations that must be accounted for?  A researcher must answer these questions and others before conducting interviews. Conducting Interviews Now youre ready to conduct your interviews. Meet with your participants and/or assign other researchers to conduct interviews, and work your way through the entire population of research participants. Typically interviews are conducted face-to-face, but they can also be done via telephone or video chat. Each interview should be recorded. Researchers sometimes take notes by hand, but more commonly a digital audio recording device is used. Transcribing Interview Data Once youve collected your interview data you must turn it into usable data by transcribing it- creating a written text of the conversations that composed the interview. Some find this to be a cumbersome and time-consuming task. Efficiency can be achieved with voice-recognition software, or by hiring a transcription service. However, many researchers find the process of transcription a useful way to become intimately familiar with the data, and may even begin to see patterns within it during this stage. Data Analysis Interview data can be analyzed after it has been transcribed. With in-depth interviews, analysis takes the form of reading through the transcripts to code them for patterns and themes that provide a response to the research question. Sometimes unexpected findings occur, and these findings should not be discounted even though they may not relate to the initial research question. Validating the Data Next, depending on the research question and the type of answer sought, a researcher may wish to  verify the reliability and validity of the information gathered by checking the data against other sources. Sharing Research Results Finally, no research is complete until it is reported, whether written, orally presented, or published through other forms of media.

Coca-Cola environmentall business sustainability Essay

Coca-Cola environmentall business sustainability - Essay Example The research also gets to find out what coca cola engineers use, why and the ways of improving it considering the fact that since 2004, new equipment and even construction materials have been invented and so the ratings set by these sustainability indices might be inappropriate for the current generation (Adams G. H., 2005). The paper’s interest is development and from the history of the sustainability indices in Coca Cola Countries and as much as we consider BASIX as the best ongoing sustainability index in Coca Cola Countries, we should be aiming at improving it to the extent that it is at par with the problems arising or, form a better improved assessment tool. This can only happen when science intellectuals get deeper into the operating systems of BASIX and modify them or even come up with new devices which are better off. For it to happen, a thorough and critical research has to be conducted on that field to identify the problem, which in turn requires interaction with the experts of the different fields concerned for some time and come up with a helpful finding (Devitt, 2010). BASIX may have good objectives but the questions we should ask ourselves is, are those the only environmental problems facing the citizens of Coca Cola Countries as far as production and constructions is concerned?, is it only environmental problems that affect residents in Coca Cola Countries? These are the pending questions that this research is based upon. We as the users of BASIX have to help modify it for better results, and maybe we can continue to boast about the quality of our buildings again. Every actions in this world is always done to the benefit of the welfare of the human life, we always want to make our lives comfortable in any way, and that is why even the machineries invented in the early centuries by the likes of Aristotle have been improving

Film Pitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Pitch - Essay Example Australian Aborigines migrated from somewhere in Asia at least 30,000 years ago. Though they comprise 500–600 distinct groups, aboriginal people possess some unifying links. Among these are strong spiritual beliefs that tie them to the land such as a tribal culture of storytelling and art and like other indigenous populations, a difficult colonial history. (infoplease.com ). Aboriginal people are the Indigenous people of Australia. â€Å"Aboriginal people, their traditional cultures and lands lie on the mainland and most of the islands, including Tasmania, Fraser Island, Palm Island, Mornington Island, Groote Eylandt, Bathrust and Melville Islands.† (ikkeweer.net ) The story will be set on the indigenous land with a tribe that is currently functioning with the old belief systems. The story will follow a family in this tribe and the different functions which they have to move through to stay on the land. The story will show how the family survives, what the traditions an d rituals are and how the indigenous family has preserved the culture through time. It will then switch to showing the modern world and how the tribes either fit into or are marginalized out of mainstream society. The film will provide insights into the indigenous tribes functioning in mainstream society, combined with interviews of the majority population and what is known about the Aborigines. The setting will begin in Queensland with the focus on the Guugu Yimithirr. The focus on this tribe shows the movement into colonization because they were taken over in 1770 by James Cook and were expected to integrate into society. The ending will show the state of this group now and how the indigenous peoples have remained in the outback and outside of society. Cast and Key Crew: Since this is a documentary, the cast and key crew will be determined while filming. An anonymous family will be chosen for the shooting, specifically to show the highlights of their lives and what occurs in terms of culture, ritual and daily living. An anonymous group of people in Queensland will also be found to show the ideals of the indigenous. A narrator will be used for the historical details of the indigenous before James Cook and to show the realistic ideal of what happened to this specific tribe in 1770. Rationale for Making: The culture of Australia is one which is rich and diverse in many who have migrated to Australia, as well as others who have been on the land for centuries. This has led to marginalized groups that are often overlooked with the melting pot of Australia. Little attention is given not only to the minority groups and the way in which they function within society. There is also little to no examination of the history of Australia and the roots where it has come from. This particular documentary will display the changes which have occurred in society and will allow every Australian to reexamine their heritage, culture and nationalistic identity. More important, ther e will be a distinguished understanding of what happened in colonialization and to the present time to change the indigenous tribes of the land from a majority population and into one that is known to stay in the outback and live as a minority and marginalized group (May, 1994). Not only is this particular aspect important to examine for Australians, but it will also tap into a voice that is now rising in Australia. This will help to support what many are thinking within society, specifically which is

Emergence of modern man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergence of modern man - Essay Example The purpose of this short paper is to explore the influences of evolution and natural selection on modern man and to analyse whether these are continuing to have an effect on our species. The reason that many scientists argue that evolution and natural selection does not continue to exert an effect on modern man is because there are so many protections from nature. Food availability is one of the most important things for a species’ survival (Bootle, 2011), but many humans living in the West do not have to worry about food availability because much of it is available very cheaply and nutrition is found all year round. Many food items can now also be preserved to last through the winter, and these developments have come from a high level of intelligence. This, however, may be one of the problems. Some argue that the effects of obesity on our population may be having an effect similar to that of natural selection in the wild (Bootle, 2011), and could be used as evidence against our collective intelligence. Disease is also another one of the biggest parts of natural selection in the wild (McKie, 2002). However, modern man has developed a number of ways to prevent disease. Even in prehistory, there is evidence that there may have been some attempt at preventative and curative medicine (Regal, 2004), which suggests that man’s high intelligence has a function of preventing parts of natural selection. In modern times, several diseases which would have killed people prior to reproduction (and thus have bred the trait out), such as asthma and diabetes, are present in the population because they can be treated (Regal, 2004). This could also be evidence that natural selection is not as powerful for man as for other species. Perhaps one of the most interesting elements of the human species is that it occupies a huge amount of space on the

To Da-duh Essay Example for Free

To Da-duh Essay The story is told by the nine-year-old version of the narrator. As a little girl, she doesn’t see or think much about everything. When she sees Da-duh, her grandmother, for the first time, she sees a â€Å"small, purposeful, painfully erect† figure and a face that is â€Å"as stark and fleshless as a death mask†. As the story goes along, the reader starts to understand the competition between the narrator and her grandmother from the point of view and the eyes of the narrator. As it is mentioned in the last paragraph, Da-duh and her granddaughter experience a competition in the story. The competition is about whose home is better, Da-duh’s home in Barbados Island or the narrator’s home in New York. Each argument starts from a simple thing, like â€Å"I know you don’t have anything like these in New York†. They both have strong will and heart; those feelings are shown in the dialogues they have during the narrator’s visit to Barbados from New York. This story has a lot of adjectives and symbolism to form the reader’s picture of the people and the places. For example, when Da-duh starts to hear about New York from her granddaughter, the author writes, â€Å"I came to know the signs of her surrender: the total stillness that would come over her little hard dry form, the probing gaze that like a surgeon’s knife sought to cut through my skull to get at the images there, to see if I were lying; above all, her fear, a fear nameless and profound, the same one I had felt beating in the palm of her hand that day in the lorry†. This is a pretty long and complicated sentence, but it’s filled with adjectives so that the reader can have a better feeling to the story. In â€Å"To Da-duh† story, the author uses a child’s point of view in explaining the tone and the mood in the story. The tone in every dialogue in the story shows a competition and love of each person’s home. In the end, an irony is shown when the narrator gets a house in a loft above a noisy factory with machines sounds that her grandmother was pretty afraid about. Within this irony, Paule Marshall ends the story with a sad and love feeling between the narrator and Da-duh.

Rasputin Essay -- essays research papers

Gregory Efimovich Rasputin is one of the most debated characters of the 20th Century. Thousands have discussed whether Rasputin was a holy man who came to the aide of the royal family or more simply, a cheat who thrived in womanising and in truth, a man who had a debauched sexual appetite. After all the word "Rasputin" in Russian mean "the debauched one". But in the following pages, I will try to explore a better side of Rasputin; I will attempt to give an accurate analysis of Rasputin and let the facts prove who Rasputin was. On 10 January 1869, in the midst of a harsh winter, Gregory Efimovich Rasputin was born in the Siberian village of Pokrovskoye. Little is known of his background. His father, Efimy, was a farmer of moderate success, married to a wife, Anna, who had already provided him with an older son, Dimitri. Although later enemies were to allege that Rasputin's surname was in fact an insult meaning "debauched" in Russian, it had been the family name for years, derived from the word for a fork in the road. Pokrovskoye perched on the banks of the Tura River in Tobolsk Province; Pokrovskoye was a typical Russian peasant village where few if any were educated and town’s people were religious, narrow minded and fearful. When Rasputin was eight years old, he suffered his first tragedy. He was playing with his older brother along the banks of the Tura when Dimitri fell and was drowned. Shortly thereafter, Rasputin began to startle his fellow-villagers by making amazing predictions. In one incident, Rasputin correctly identified a horse thief. As a teenager, Rasputin paid a visit to the local Verkhoturye Monastery. Here he encountered not only the Orthodox Church he had known from his childhood but also a number of heretical sects. Principals among these were the Khlysty and the Skopsty. The first group held that only through sin could one truly repent and receive God's grace, while the second believed that if a penitent studied long enough, it was possible to attain a semi-divine nature and escape earthly judgment. When Rasputin returned to Pokrovskoye, he was a changed man: he impressed his fellow villagers with his impressive religious exhortations, spiced up with half-understood bits of doctrine he had picked up at Verkhoturye. Contrary to common belief, the "monk" Rasputin was in... ...holas had set a path to glory for Nicholas, who himself is man of poor intellect. Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich. At the time of his father's death in late 1894, Nicholas was an inexperienced youth wholly unprepared for the great task destiny had placed on his shoulders. Nicholas II was barely twenty-six years old at the time of his accession. During his son's golden youth, Alexander III did not allow his son Nicholas much participation in affairs of government. It is likely that Alexander III feared that his eldest son was not intellectually capable of handling the inheritance that was rightfully his. Therefore, the father kept postponing the son's introduction in to the daily running of Russia. Not one person, most of all Alexander III, ever imagined that this young and inexperienced Romanov would ascend the throne as early in life as he did. Czar Nicholas II’s mother Czarina Maria-Feodorovna was nortorouis as a mother who did not allow her children to grow. Therefor a ltering the young Czar’s behaviour to that all would regret. As Leon Trotsky once said: "His ancestors did not bequeath him one quality which would have made him capable of governing an empire"

Media on sex miseducation Essay

This research paper tackles the contentious issues of the impacts of media on sex mis education as well as the child mistreatment. The paper zeros down on the problem by analyzing the prevalence and extend of the problem in the society . It shows the root causes of this problem like the demand for sexual materials by the public that compels the media to mislead the teens on sexual issues as they advertise using such materials and the advancement of technology that has made spread of information to be unlimited. The paper highlights the anticipated risks like social decay, spread of sexually transmitted diseases and upsurge of unwanted pregnancies as the dangers which may arise if the problem is not adequately addressed. Lastly, the paper suggests the possible solutions to this problem as putting in place constitutionally entrenched regulatory agencies to control the content of media products, giving more training to the media personnel on this problem and designing information which portrays the positive aspects of sexuality like family planning as well s being advocator for children’s’ rights. Introduction With the advent of information and communication technology the mass media sector has recorded enormous continuous growth over the last three decades (Keenan, 2007). Basically media refers to the channels that are used to convey information to the people. Media can be classified into two categories namely: the print and the broadcast media. The broadcast media includes the videos, radios, movies, internet, both the cable and broadcast channels and TVs while the print media includes the magazines and the newspapers. Studies have shown that the radio is the leading media for communication in the developing world followed by the TV while in developed countries TV and internet take the lead respectively. The mass media is very vital in the conveyance of information to the people and as such, the content of the information being communicated is of paramount importance since it models the behavior and attitude of people on their daily lives (Turtorn, 2008). This is manifested in the way they respond to their political, economical, social and cultural environments in which they live. Essentially, media has been of great help in all spheres of mankind’s life though with its uncontrolled growth and advancement of technology world over it has resulted to social deterioration and decay. This is has happened in the developed countries and in some urban areas of the developing countries where accessibility to the mass media has increased many folds as compared to the past ( Keenan,2007). Due to this trend, the media has led to sex miseducation and child maltreatment. Studies that have been done by leading research centers from various parts of the globe have indicated that the young people forms the highest number of people who use media with sexually oriented and child abuse programs. This is especially on media like the TV and the internet. The effects of media on sex miseducation While the prime role of any media is to inform the public about various aspects of life affecting them, it is evident that revenue generation has substituted this noble role upon which the purpose of media is anchored. This is primarily taking place due to unrelenting pressure of competition in the media industry from media providers. To fetch more consumers the media they must offer what the consumers demand. Studies have demonstrated that consumers of the media products are mostly attracted by products that are sexually oriented. According to Jacobvirtz (1999), most media providers accrue the highest proceeds from advertisements. As such for the media providers to capture the advertisement revenue, they are indirectly compelled by the consumers to accompany their advertisements with some sexual content which will boost their sales by attracting more customers. Advertisements of this nature take lead in promotions of the tourism, beauty, alcohol and music industries that are of great interest to the youth. In his research Turton (2008),points out that various characteristics of the TV like its accessibility ,popularity ,ability to persuade have made it a prominent instructor that provides a chance for viewers to get informed about matters of sex and sexuality without fear. It presents sex as something for the youth, unmarried, beautiful and who admire to become celebrities. As result of such misconception, this has led to the young people being victims of sexually transmitted diseases and especially the sweeping HIV and AIDS which has prove to be incurable so far. In a study by Braunwald(1995),it was revealed that about 66% of media coverage carry sexual content and during every season the media programs are designed with more sex oriented content compared to the last season. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that media programs that have high popularity among the teenagers contain information that is related to sexual matters. The effects of media on sex miseducation has had far reaching impacts to the youth, for instance studies have revealed that increased accessibility to mass media is directly associated with loss of contentment for virginity among the adolescents. Studies further disclose that teenagers who are for the view that sexual content should be displayed on the mass media have high chances of not being contented with their first encounter of making love. In addition, adolescents who have access to TV programs showing high sexual content, deem the incidences of casual sex experiences positively unlike the teenagers who have not been exposed to such programs. Also, various surveys have disclosed that young people who watch sex related movies are usually against the use of condoms which is unlike to the other youths. Finally ,in a research that was done by the American Association the Pediatrics(AAP) it was demonstrated that youths who were highly exposed to sexual shows over the mass media had increased chances of getting pregnant or impregnating others as compared to their colleagues who lacked exposure to such shows.

Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster

The Space Shuttle Columbia was the second space shuttle disaster and the first shuttle lost on land happened on February 1, 2003. In this mission, six American astronauts and Israel's first spaceman died when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated 200,000ft above Texas. They are David Brown, Rick Husband, Laurel Clark, Kalpana Chawla, Michael Anderson, William McCool and Ilan Ramon. Rick husband is the Columbia's commander was a US air force colonel recruited to the space program in 1994. He made his first flight in 1999; last week's was his second.William McCool is the Columbia pilot was on his first flight. A naval commander and test pilot, he was selected for the space program in April 1996, and trained at the Johnson space centre. Michael Anderson is one of only a handful of African-American astronauts, Anderson had logged 211 hours in space before the Columbia disaster. A USAF lieutenant-colonel, he joined Nasa in 1994. Kalpana Chawla is an experienced astronaut who made her f irst flight on STS-87 in 1997. David Brown was a military flight surgeon before joining the astronaut corps.Laurel Clark joined Nasa in the same year as Brown, and was trained as a space flight surgeon. Lastly is the Ilan Ramon, an Israeli air force colonel, Ramon was his country's first astronaut. He took part in the 1973 Yom Kippur war and the 1981 bombing raid that destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor. With the Columbia accident, not only has the nation lost a four-billion-dollar shuttle, seven outstanding astronauts and priceless experimental results, it has also lost confidence in manned space flight and space exploration. February 1, 2003 was a sunny day.It was the perfect day for the Columbia shuttle return to earth. Everyone at NASA was excited for their return because the shuttle would bring back a lot of useful information from the 16 days mission. No one suspected tragedy will happen. At around 9am, the shuttle lost contact with NASA. The mission controllers thought it was a temporary problem because of the shuttle reentry into the atmosphere and also the temperature sensors on the inboard and outboard elevons (A control surface on an airplane that combines the functions of an elevator and an aileron. on the left wing had stopped functioning minutes before. NASA start to recognize something unusual happened when several 911 calls were made by the residents in Texas, Arkansas and the Louisiana area. The space shuttle Columbia and her seven crewmembers were lost. Immediately after losing of the shuttle and the seven crewmembers, NASA stopped all shuttle operations at Kennedy Space Center. They collected all the remains piece of the Columbia shuttle and grid on the floor of the Reusable Launch Vehicle Hangar.The Columbia Reconstruction Project Team attempted to reconstruct the bottom of the orbiter as part of the investigation into the accident. The engineers found that a 20-inch piece of hardened insulation foam breaking off the main fuel tank and hitti ng the shuttle’s left wing during the launch on January 16th. They asked the top shuttle managers for outside agency assistance, but the request was denied. This is because the shuttle managers concluded that there was no safety concern due to the foam’s impact and decided to let the mission continue. Other possible causes were pilot mistake and space debris.After investigations continued in the next few weeks, some molten aluminum debris from the shuttle’s wing structure, as well as molten steel debris, had been found. When the engineers eliminated the other possibilities, they began to focus on the foam from the external tank only. When the shuttle reenters the atmosphere, the temperature on its surface can reach nearly 1649oC. So the Thermal Protection System (Various materials applied to the outer structure protect the orbiter from excessive heat) on the shuttle is critical. There are four different materials in the space shuttles Thermal Protection System ( TPS).There are high-temperature reusable surface insulation (HRSI) , low-temperature reusable surface insulation (LRSI), felt reusable surface insulation(FRSI), and reinforced carbon-carbon composite (RCC). The HRSI cover the high surface temperature reaches between 649 and 1260oC. The LRSI cover the low surface temperature reaches between 371 and 649oC. For another 2 materials are used in small amounts. Due to the temperature during reentry exceeds 1260oC at the nose cap, chin panel, forward external tank, and wing leading edge panels and T-seals, the RCC was break down.For reuse purpose and to prevent oxidation, the outer layer of the RCC is converted into silicon carbide in a furnace filled with argon with a temperature cycle up to 1649oC. The main reason of the shuttle to break down is because the foam from the bipod of the external tank was shed, and struck the shuttle’s left wing during the launch. It had damaged the wing’s leading edge RCC structures which allow ing reentry plasma to penetrate and disintegrate the underlying aluminum, damaging the wing’s structure.The foam of the bipod ramp is BX-250, polyurethane foam applied with CCF-11 which is used to cover outside of the tank to prevent ice and frost on the surface. The foam is to reduce the weight so it made by light material. The engineers couldn’t believe that such a light material could damage the wing of the shuttle. Thus, some research had done by the Southwest Research institute. They used a compressed air gun to fire a foam block of similar size and mass to that which struck Columbia and at same estimated speed.To represent the leading edge of Columbia's left wing, RCC panels from Enterprise and from NASA stock, along with fiberglass mock-up panels, were mounted to a simulating structural metal frame. In the final round of testing, a block fired at the side of an RCC panel created a hole 41 by 42. 5 centimeters (16 by 17 in) in the protective RCC panel. The tests clearly show that the foam could cause visible crack on the tested RCC panels. These cracks could lead the shuttle breakup during reentry. The final report of the Columbia Accident Investigation was released on August 26th, 2003.It concluded that this tragedy was caused by technical and organizational failures. The foam problem of the bipod area has existed for years, and NASA engineers have looked at a variety of ways to correct it. The report indicated that the space shuttle should not have been launched with this problem extant. The report further proposed that, although the shuttle had always returned to earth safely after the foam hit the wing during previous shuttle flights, the managers at NASA should not have rejected the engineers' requests to make sure Columbia's wing was not damaged this time.Finally, it suggested that NASA should have had a backup plan for fixing the shuttle in space and insuring the crew's safety if they found out the wing was badly damaged. On 26th Jul y 2005, a shuttle discovery was launched. NASA had formed an independent Return to Flight (RTF) panel to monitor its preparations. There are 7 out of the 26 RTF panel members issued a minority report prior to the launch. They questioning if Columbia’s lessons had been learned and also expressing concerns about NASA’s efforts.During launch, a large piece of foam separated from the external fuel tank, but fortunately did not strike the shuttle, which landed safely 14 days later. The shuttle fleet was once again grounded, pending resolution of the problem with the external fuel tank insulating foam. Reference: Columbia space shuttle disaster 2003. World news. http://www. guardian. co. uk/gall/0,,888045,00. html Space shuttles thermal protection system (TPS). US Centennial of Flight Commission. http://www. centennialofflight. ov/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/TPS/Tech41G2. htm Final report of Columbia Disaster. Columbia Accident Investigation Board http://caib. nasa. gov/ N ASA’s Space Shuttle Program: The Columbia Tragedy, the Discovery Mission, and the Future of the Shuttle. Marcia S. Smith Resources, Science, and Industry Division. Updated by January 4, 2006. fas. org/sgp/crs/space/RS21408. pdf Lessons Learned from the Columbia Disaster. Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). www. aiche. org/uploadedFiles/CCPS/†¦ /Presentation_Rev_newv4. ppt