Traumatic Brain Injury is Third-Leading Cause of Death and...

Introduction: At least, 2.4 million traumatic brain injury (TBI) related hospital visit each year in USA and WHO predicting that TBI will be the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide by 2020 (Hyder, Wunderlich et al. 2007, Centers for Disease and Prevention 2013). Approximately one percent Americans older than 60 years old are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD)(Gazewood, Richards et al. 2013). Millions of them have to adapt to the extensive long-term disability, but its impact does not end there. They often have to depend on other people’s continuous support to survive that significantly impacts our healthcare burden (Stacey L. Kowal 2013). A new meta-analysis and other recent studies provide support for the†¦show more content†¦2013). There are no studies that have determined the role of ÃŽ ±-Syn protein accumulation on the behavioral and pathological effects of TBI in ÃŽ ±-syn transgenic mice. Our group recently reported that TBI pre cipitates AD-pathology and cognitive deficits in transgenic 3xTg-AD mice (Tajiri, Kellogg et al. 2013). In this study we examine motor recovery and a detail time course of the development of Parkinson’s-like pathology in ÃŽ ±-Syn transgenic mice brain after inducing moderate TBI. Thirty-six adult (9 mo) mice (18 transgenic and 18 non-transgenic controls) will be use for this study. Animals will be subjected to moderate TBI using controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Prior to TBI and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI a battery of motor behavioral and cognitive testing will be performed. Moreover, at each indicated time point ( 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI) 6 animal per group will be euthanized and their brain will be harvested for direct quantitative and qualitative analysis of ÃŽ ±-Syn protein expression in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and substantia nigra. Background and Significance: Although controversy exists in the literature about the association between TBI and PD (Rugbjerg, Ritz et al. 2008, Spangenberg, Hannerz et al. 2009), the majority epidemiological studies over the years haveShow MoreRelatedVeterans Are Winning The War Of Afghanistan, Losing The Battle At Home1694 Words   |  7 PagesVeterans are winning the war in Afghanistan but, losing the battle at home. Many veterans result from some kind of damage, with mental disability being the most common, because mental and emotional encumbrance comes home with the veterans when they return from war. Many of these affected veterans sign up for an eternal waiting list that does not assure them with the necessary financial help. Leaving them with little or no help, and without the help the veterans integrate the problems into theirRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injuries : An Introduction And Definition Of A Public Health Problem2200 Words   |  9 PagesTraumatic Brain Injuries: An Introduction and Definition o f a Public Health Problem The brain is the most complex organ in the human body; its mysteries rival the understandings of our solar system and continuously challenge the efforts of neuro physicians and researchers alike. This extraordinary biological structure defines our personality, controls how we move, and regulates our five senses. When the brain suffers an injury, the consequences can be devastating; affecting many important aspectsRead MoreWhat Does The Phrase Social Justice Mean?853 Words   |  4 Pagessuffer from traumatic brain injuries (TBI). More specifically, focusing on the assistance currently being given to soldiers who suffer from TBI after they return from war. In order to bring about better social justice for soldiers who suffer from traumatic brain injuries (TBI), current programs helping the injured to transition back to civilian life need to be adapted to better support troops. What is TBI? â€Å"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a nondegenerative, noncongenital insult to the brain from anRead MoreThe Awareness Of Traumatic Brain Injuries1334 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The awareness of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) has increased and the information available is better now than it was in the past. I believe many people are aware of concussions and traumatic brain injuries but not how it can affect their brain. Traumatic Brain injuries are a very complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. Many healthcare professionals in the field of brain injury often say, â€Å"If you’ve seen one concussion, you’ve seen one concussion.† Even a mildRead MoreEffects Of A Traumatic Brain Injury1906 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction A traumatic brain injury also known as a TBI is an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects educational performance. The term applies to mild, moderate, or severe, open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas. (Florida Dept. of Education 2015) Although I have never met anyone with a brain injury, I wanted to learn moreRead MoreWgu - Wut2 Task7606 Words   |  31 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury WUT2 Task Western Governors University A. Investigated Disease Process The disease process I will be reviewing is traumatic brain injuries. A traumatic brain injury occurs when sudden trauma occurs to an individual’s brain. Traumatic brain injuries are considered closed or penetrating. Traumatic brain injuries are categorized as mild, moderate or severe based on the amount of damage that occurs to the brain. (ninds.nih.gov, 2015) A1. Pathophysiology To understandRead MoreThe Most Protected Part Of Our Body1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe human brain is an extraordinary organ that allows us to separate ourselves from any other species in the world. There is a plethora of reasons why it is the most protected part of our body. An infant being raised by a mother or father is delicate with their child because the skull has not fully developed to protect the brain. Any harm to the brain can cause serious repercussions such as causing the child to become mentally challenged. The human skull does a decent job absorbing any impacts andRead MoreCoaches And Doctors Should Take More Caution With Concussed Athletes1725 Words   |  7 Pagestheir brain and functionality further in life. The most research is being taken from the adults who suffer concussions, but what about these adolescents? I think it would be harder to diagnose a concussion from adolescents so they should check these kids more and the way they play sports so the doctors can improve the injuries for further on in life. A concussion is traumatic brain injury, usually caused by a person hitting their head on something or sudden movement that can cause the brain to rattleRead MoreSafety First, Right?3083 Words   |  13 Pages 2015 Safety First, Right? Brain injuries are detrimental to the human psyche and if traumatic enough, then it can also be detrimental to daily function. As horrible as it seems â€Å"Approximately 75% of traumatic brain injuries seen in emergency departments are mild cases. Annually approximately 70,000 people who have TBI experience permanent damage† (Your Best Resource for Brain Injury). Brain injuries are common and can be permanent. People receive trauma to the brain quite often; there are a lotRead MoreNegative Effects Of Concussions In Sports1683 Words   |  7 PagesHead trauma from concussions can be extremely detrimental to a person’s body so that such things as death can occur. Everyone knows that concussions are not a good thing but not everyone knows how severe they actually are. Concussions are becoming an epidemic in sports and a solution should be drawn up to help the players in sporting activities. The public needs to be more aware of the severity that concussions provide to the body. The definition of a concussion is simple. A â€Å"concussion occurs

Humanitarianism In Voltaires Candide - 1261 Words

Francois-Marie Arouet, better known by his pen name â€Å"Voltaire†, once said â€Å"Nothing is more dangerous than ignorance and intolerance armed with power†. This quote criticizes the government and the Catholic Church - two institutions known for their lack of tolerance, respect, and value of the common person’s life. Voltaire was a French author, historian, and philosopher who was active during the age of enlightenment in the 18th century. It was a time characterized by the discussion of four new values: Humanitarianism, ending suffering; Progress, furthering society; Rationality, using logic and reason to improve the world; and Freedom of Thought, challenging traditional authority, blind obedience, and superstition. Voltaire is known for†¦show more content†¦Voltaire directs this example of the Church, as it was an officer of the Inquisition who was responsible for the sentencing. The inanity of the whole situation, as well as the completely unn ecessary drastic results that it had, makes the Church appear to be an authority that is unreliable to make sensible decisions, or rule over people. This irrationality is again portrayed through Pangloss and the Reverend Father. The Reverend Father bathed in front of a Musselman, unknowing â€Å"that it was a major crime for a Christian to be found naked† (105) with one, and ended up being tried for it. Pangloss was similarly tried, because he took too long to give a girl back the flowers that she had dropped. Both of these men, as a result of committing these simple wrongdoings, are beaten and forced into slavery, destined to spend the rest of their days as galley slaves. The crimes themselves were so small and nonsensical that the fact that they were punished at all, much less so harshly for them, is unjustifiable. Voltaire uses the unfairness and utter ludicrousness of the situation to challenge whether government should be trusted with the fate of its people. Voltaire ac centuates traditional authority’s ignorance. Voltaire highlights that traditional authority is injurious to its people by emphasizing their inhumane ways. Voltaire frequently mentions the poor treatment of all women, and the common theme of

Strategic Information System Small Business Groups

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System for Small Business Groups. Answer: Introduction It is highly researched topic that tries to motivate the small business groups for adopting Information Technology. There is very less research emphasizing over different factors of motivation for adopting the system of computerized accounting within small companies, though lot of research is already done in adoption of IT (Baren 2010). However, many accounting software in small business believes that it is a significant sub-set of complete small business in Information Technology research. Accounting software is the highest application package that is used and its the most dominant factor existing behind the decision of IT hardware acquisition (Baren 2010). To view the motivating factors in adopting the software of accounting, it will be quite practical to review the comprehensive literatures on complete adoption of IT. Therefore, this literature review will start with the discussion based on the primary IT adoption and try to review different studies that mainly emphasize over the adoption of accounting software (Baren 2010). Literature Review Accounting software/packages used in Australia There are few specific industries that are highly suited towards computerizing the record keeping services as compared to others as discussed by many researchers. All these findings are mainly supported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics 1999-2000 report based on the business use of IT (ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) 2000). The highest use of computers is done in the firm in different areas like business services, material goods, gas, electricity and industries of water supply (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Simultaneously, the less use of computers is done in the private and various other services such as cafes, housing, construction, transport, retail trade and storage (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Therefore, it is highly suitable for implementing CAS within the industries in which there exist more trading dealings as well as transaction processing that could facilitate the day to day business running (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Development and adoption Gorton (1999); Gelinas, Sutton and Hunton (2005) that had research about the small business adopting IT had now explored various motivating factors. Elliot and Elliot (2006) had attempted and tried to strengthen the IT adoption myriad through developing the integrated information model approval system (Elliot and Elliot 2006). This model is quite helpful in reviewing the variable that could affect the owner decision of small business in adopting IT (Elliot and Elliot 2006). There are four components into it such as, organizational characteristics, management characteristics, technological innovation characteristics, and business environment characteristics (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Current market size Gorton (1999) had quoted that the literature on technological innovation had explored that huge company holds more capital and infrastructure that could facilitate in adopting a system of computerized accounting. However, Gelinas, Sutton and Hunton (2005), mentions that both small and medium business had to face the considerable challenges like shortage of internal expertise of information system, restricted resources of money, and many that are less likely to adopt the IT system as compared to huge business (Elliot and Elliot 2006). Supplementary literature by Greuning (2006) disagree with the fact that small business, large business are most likely to be more able in employing people holding specialized skills, for instance, information system knowledge. Therefore, there are many opportunities for moving from the manual system and then adopting the digital one (Greuning 2006). Market leaders Small business consumers are referred as the main reason behind implementing Information Technology, more than the competitors pressure recommended by Greuning (2006). It is quite lucky that public practice accountants are holding the high position of offering the system analysis, implementation, and design and help advice to the clients as a much small business lacks in resources for adopting CAS (Greuning 2006). Furthermore, by introducing goods and services tax is referred as the external influence overs mall business managers decision for selecting CAS (Elliot and Elliot 2006). There are many other small businesses that would like to take benefit of government provided incentives for supporting the transition cost of GST (Greuning 2006). There are many small business computerized accounting systems that are adopting the GST introduction, as accounting for GST manual records highly approved as even more complicated. As the GST introduction, it can be depicted that many business ha d accepted that are price included are offset through the record keeping and had result into better management of business, but the basic consensus had moved towards the computerized records as even more positive for small business group sector (Greuning 2006). Competitive advantage Kimunya, Fishstein and Gaul (2000) had confirmed that it can be assumed that competition will improve all the possibilities in adoption of innovation. Head (2000) had also pointed out that competition will most likely to lead towards the insecurity of environment and will enhance the requirement and the innovation adoption rate. Head (2000) had advised that business will compete in around three different ways towards adopting IT. It includes IT can easily create the competitive benefits through minimizing the cost and enhancing differentiation. IT will try to change the structure of industry and will change the competition rule (Head 2000). It will also generate the new business through creating derived expectations from new product that are existing within the business operations (Rose and Hudgins 2008). Current gaps and challenges There are certain reasons that are regularly given in the literatures for explaining why the small companies that are not yet adopted by the Information Technology, explored by the main key barriers in acquisition of IT (Kimunya, Fishstein and Gaul 2000). Lack of computer knowledge and skills Nair and Fisshab (2010) had reported that drains over the money and time tries to characterize over the significant limitations. Computer technology works to infuse the business in both the large and small business; the requirement for the staff having the relevant IT knowledge is quite dangerous (Nair and Fisshab 2010). There are around two solutions, first it is the devoted employment of IT staff. However, this might exceed the small association budget and is quite expensive. Next is that IT training is next choice and it might be also costly. The small firm course, will include the professional practice, in which clients are paid more as per time, and the time used while undertaking the training is referred through various owner managers to lose the income as proved to be costly (Nair and Fisshab 2010). On the other side, (Nair and Fisshab 2010) mentioned that there are many favourable relation existing among the training level and measures that could affect the IT. At place where workers feel disappointed with the availability of training level, it is noticed that literacy of computers, approval of IT, and end user fulfilment is weak as compared to better-trained counterparts. Along with this, Nair and Fisshab (2010), accounted that the training is helpful for all the small companies. The research also clearly depicts the training related to the effectiveness of IT and to apply without any challenge (Nair and Fisshab 2010). Lack of time Romney and Steinbart (2009) mention that the analysis undertaken in the vast business had tried to reveal consistently the IS planning to come at the top priority of IS and business managers for managing the time. However, Proudlock, Phelps and Gamble (1999) had reported that previous studies had put forward the small companies to fade towards pursuing the model through massive counterparts in context of modern practices of management. Whilst, it is explored that Romney and Steinbart (2009) mention that the techniques of official planning of huge business are not importantly suitable for small companies as investigation suggests that the small businesses adopt more system of formal planning across the less information system issues (Romney and Steinbart 2009). Lack of financial resources Romney and Steinbart (2009) explores that both the small and medium companies require to have the constant supply of sufficient resources of finance in order to flourish the CAS adoption. The money views the installation cost, cost of maintenance, and various other present cost, which might crop the complete course of system operations. However, Nair and Fisshab (2010), mention that not every small and medium companies hold enough financial resources require for helping the CAS adoption and in that case financial limitation become big challenge. Conclusion The overview of the previous research studies clearly depict the set criteria that could create influence on the factors for adopting IT in the profession of accounting for both the medium and small business. Nevertheless, many previous research studies had tried to lift many problems in the literatures. In result of that, there is no contrast existing in the business, which make sue of system of computerized accounting. This assessment is quite practical in the reason for applying or not applying the computerized records, along with what factors could persuade the business for adopting Information Technology irrespective of dimensions. Moreover, as per the literatures, all the characteristics could create influence on owner and decision of managers for implementing IT in the field of accounting to the varying relying over the industry and economy in which the business is operated. References ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 2000. Catalogue 8129.0 Business Use of Information Technology. Australia: Commonwealth of Australia Baren, V. 2010. The Importance of a Computerized Accounting System. [Online]. Available on: https://www.ehow.com/facts_6786562_importance-computerizedaccountingsystem.html#ixzz10yS7obSs [Accessed on: 24th August 2016]. Elliot, B., and Elliot, J. 2006. Financial Accounting and Reporting, 11th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited Gelinas, U., Sutton S., and Hunton, J. 2005. Acquiring, Developing and Implementing Accounting Information System, 6th Ed. Thomson South-Western Education College Gorton, M. 1999. Use of financial management techniques in the UK-based small and medium sized enterprises: Empirical research findings. Journal of financial management and analysis, 12(1), pp. 56-64 Greuning, H. V. 2006. International Financial Reporting Standards; A practical guide, 4 the. The World Bank Head, B. 2000. Small Business Should Log On and Write Off. Business Review Weekly, 22(11), pp. 1-12. Kimunya, A., Fishstein, P., and Gaul, N. 2000. Guide to computerising your accounting system. The Manager, 8(4), pp. 1-14. Nair, A., and Fisshab, A. 2010. Rural Banking: The case of Rural and Community Banks in Ghana. International Food Policy Research Institute and the World Bank Proudlock, M., Phelps, B., and Gamble, P. 1999. IT Adoption Strategies: Best Practice Guidelines for Professional SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 6(3), pp. 240-252 Romney, M., and Steinbart, P. 2009. Computer Fraud and Abuse, Fraudulent Financial Reporting; Accounting Information Systems, 11th ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Rose, P., and Hudgins, S. 2008. Bank Management and financial services; 7th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

The Phantom of the Opera Soundtrack free essay sample

You wont hear the original Broadway casts strong voices, but Gerard Butler and especially newcomer Emmy Rossum supply a breath of fresh air to the beloved classic. The movie focuses on the forte of these voices, which the soundtrack brilliantly captures. Rossum lifts her voice and her audiences soul as she flirts with a wide range of notes, especially in her delicate solo â€Å"Think of Me.† Her strong, affectionate tone eases us into a comfortable frame of mind. The strongest and most emotional section on this five-star rated CD is the longest track. Just shy of 13 minutes, â€Å"Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer† includes a favorite movie scene the passionate trio of Christine, her lover Raoul, and the infamous Phantom. Their intensity carries the listener to the movies climax, only to release them from the roller coaster of emotion. Although these new voices may appear a drawback at first to avid fans of the original cast, these criticisms quickly melt with Rossums passion, beckoning admirers and quickly dissolving all negativity and the rest of the brilliant new cast. We will write a custom essay sample on The Phantom of the Opera Soundtrack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page